Warm climate essential

I live in southern Spain which is ideal for sulcata keeping. My tortoise lives entirely outdoors year-round in a large secure enclosure. He grazes constantly, basks extensively, and is visibly thriving in the warm climate. Sulcatas cannot be cold — they need consistently warm temperatures. For keepers in temperate climates, maintaining appropriate warmth for a 70kg tortoise in winter is a significant challenge and cost. Know your climate before committing.